Art Deco Organ Light Up Music Machine 97 Key

American company of music boxes and instruments

Rudolph Wurlitzer Visitor

Type	Subsidiary
Founded	1853; 169 years ago  (1853)
Founder	Franz Rudolph Wurlitzer
Headquarters	Cincinnati, Ohio and North Tonawanda, New York , U.s.
Products	Band organ Orchestrion Nickelodeon Pipe organ Theatre organ
Parent	Baldwin Piano Company
Website	Wurlitzer Jukeboxes

The Rudolph Wurlitzer Visitor, ordinarily referred to as simply Wurlitzer, is an American company started in Cincinnati in 1853 by German immigrant (Franz) Rudolph Wurlitzer. The company initially imported stringed, woodwind and brass instruments from Germany for resale in the United States. Wurlitzer enjoyed initial success, largely due to defense contracts to provide musical instruments to the U.S. military.^[1] In 1880, the company began manufacturing pianos and somewhen relocated to N Tonawanda, New York. Information technology chop-chop expanded to make band organs, orchestrions, player pianos and piping or theatre organs popular in theatres during the days of silent movies.

Wurlitzer is most known for their production of entry level pianos. During the 1960s, they manufactured Spinet, Console, Studio and M Pianos. Over time, Wurlitzer acquired a number of other companies which made a variety of loosely related products, including kitchen appliances, carnival rides, player pianoforte rolls and radios. Wurlitzer also operated a concatenation of retail stores where the company's products were sold.

Every bit engineering science evolved, Wurlitzer began producing electric pianos, electronic organs and jukeboxes, and it eventually became known more for jukeboxes and vending machines, which are still fabricated by Wurlitzer, rather than for actual musical instruments.

Wurlitzer'south jukebox operations were sold and moved to Frg in 1973. The Wurlitzer pianoforte and organ brands and U.S. manufacturing facilities were caused by the Baldwin Pianoforte & Organ Co. (commonly called the Baldwin Piano Company) in 1988, and most pianoforte manufacturing moved overseas. The Baldwin Co., including its Wurlitzer assets, was afterwards acquired by the Gibson Guitar Corporation in most 1996. Ten years later, Gibson caused Deutsche Wurlitzer and the Wurlitzer Jukebox and Vending Electronics trademarks, briefly bringing Wurlitzer'southward best-known products dorsum together under a single corporate banner in 2006. Baldwin ceased making Wurlitzer-brand pianos in 2009. Vending machines are still manufactured in Germany using the Wurlitzer proper noun under Gibson ownership. The company ceased manufacturing jukeboxes in 2013, but withal sells replacement parts.

The Rembert Wurlitzer Co., Wurlitzer's rare and historic stringed instrument section, was independently directed by Rudolph Wurlitzer's grandson, Rembert Wurlitzer (1904–1963), from 1948 until his death in 1963. Rembert's shop on 42nd Street in New York Urban center was a leading international middle for rare and historic string instruments.^[ii]

History [edit]

Franz Rudolph Wurlitzer (1831–1914), an immigrant from Schöneck, Saxony, founded the Wurlitzer Company in Cincinnati in 1853. His sons Howard, Rudolph and Farny successively directed the company after his decease. The company initially imported musical instruments from the Wurlitzer family in Germany for resale in the United States. Wurlitzer was an early American defence contractor, beingness a major supplier of musical instruments to the U.S. war machine during the American Ceremonious War and Castilian–American War. In 1880, Wurlitzer started manufacturing its ain pianos, which the company sold through its retail outlets in Chicago.^[3] In 1896, Wurlitzer manufactured its first coin-operated pianos.^[4]

In the late 1800s, fairs were popular. As crowds grew and mechanical rides began to announced, there was a need for louder music. The fairground organ was developed. Eugene DeKleist of Due north Tonawanda, New York, was an early architect of such organs (also called "barrel organs") for apply in carousels. Wurlitzer bought an interest in DeKleist's North Tonawanda Butt Organ Factory in 1897. In 1909, Wurlitzer bought the entire functioning, and he moved all Wurlitzer manufacturing from Ohio to New York.^[iii] In 1909, the company began making innovative automated harps that were more durable than European prototypes, and from 1924 to the 1930s, eight models were available. The "Mighty Wurlitzer"  theatre organ was introduced in belatedly 1910 and became Wurlitzer's near famous product. Wurlitzer theatre organs are installed effectually the world in theatres, museums, churches and private residences.

American Mohawk Lyric Radio as Mfd. past Wurlitzer circa 1920s

With the onset of World State of war I, imports from Deutschland became problematic, and Wurlitzer found it necessary to increase manufacturing in the Usa. In the early on 1930s, Wurlitzer built a new, country-of-the-art manufacturing and marketing facility in North Tonawanda, complete with employee recreation areas, showers and a deli. It had ii landscaped avenues which fanned out over the expanse in front end of the factory, creating a park and parkway setting off of Niagara Falls Boulevard. Some tree and lamp post installations, laid diagonal, remain to mark these roads. The growing company held its start annual Convention of associated businesses in Buffalo, N.Y. at the Statler Hotel in September of 1937, complete with a three day program of events and a parade. The surviving complex, especially the central forepart belfry building and main entrance hall, is now a National Historic Landmark.^[five] Wurlitzer abandoned production of nickelodeons but continued to manufacture the music rolls for player piano music through a wholly owned subsidiary called the Countless Gyre Music Visitor. Wurlitzer also assumed production of Lyric brand radios from the All American Mohawk Radio Company in Chicago. Lyric radios were a high-end console radio, which retailed for every bit much every bit $425 in 1929 (approximately $5,800 in 2014 dollars).^[6]

In add-on to business acquisitions, Wurlitzer entered into several articulation ventures with James Armitage, George Herschell, and other businessmen from the area. He constructed a carve up institute at Goundry and Oliver Streets in downtown North Tonawanda specializing in short production runs to fabricate organs and hurdy-gurdys for entertainment parks, circuses, roller rinks and funfair midways. Entertainment rides, particularly carousels, were assembled at the facility.

Circa 1933, the Wurlitzer name gradually became more associated with jukeboxes than with musical instruments. In 1942, organ product at the Due north Tonawanda factory ceased and production was shifted to the manufacture of flop proximity fuses for World War Ii. After the war, normal product efforts resumed but with more focus on radios, jukeboxes and small electronic organs for private homes. The Rivera Theatre, also in North Tonawanda, possesses one of these historic organs every bit well equally Sheas Performing Arts Center in Buffalo, N.Y.

Wurlitzer 4100 BP electronic organ with chord unit of measurement (1959–1963)

Wurlitzer Omni 6500 (1985)

Amidst Wurlitzer's electronic instruments, kickoff with electrostatic reed organs in 1947, the nearly important have been the fully electronic organs, particularly the two-transmission-and-pedals spinet type (from 1971 with synthesizer features) for domestic use. In the mid-1950s, Wurlitzer began manufacturing portable electric pianos.

Rembert Wurlitzer (1904–1963) independently directed the firm's violin section from 1949 until his death in 1963, building it into a leading international center for rare string instruments.

In the 1960s, Wurlitzer ventured into new instrument markets. In 1964, Wurlitzer bought the rights, registered trademarks, copyrights, patents, engineering records and manufactory of the Henry C. Martin Ring Instrument Company, which manufactured brass current of air instruments in Elkhart, Indiana (non to be confused with the C.F. Martin & Company guitar maker). In 1967, Wurlitzer entered the guitar market as the sole distributor of Holman-Woodell guitars, which were originally sold under the Wurlitzer make (encounter Electric guitars, below). Wurlitzer then switched to an Italian guitar maker, Welson, before abandoning guitar sales altogether in 1969.

While original Wurlitzer jukeboxes sold well, technology soon outpaced Wurlitzer. By the 1950s, other companies dominated the jukebox market. Wurlitzer sold its Martin rights to LeBlanc in 1971, to focus on its core markets with pianos and jukeboxes.^[8] In 1973, Wurlitzer sold its jukebox brand to a High german company and closed the North Tonawanda factory. The sometime Wurlitzer complex today hosts a business park, contractors' supply store, storage, offices, restaurants and a Platter'due south Chocolate mill. Piano and organ manufacturing continued in Mississippi and Arkansas factories for several years.

The Baldwin Piano Company purchased Wurlitzer'southward piano-making assets and brand in 1988. Subsequently, the Gibson Guitar Corporation acquired Baldwin and operated it as a wholly owned subsidiary. Meanwhile, Gibson acquired Deutsche Wurlitzer Jukebox and Electronics Vending make in 2006, briefly bringing the chief Wurlitzer production lines back nether one owner. Nonetheless, Baldwin stopped using the Wurlitzer name on pianos past the end of 2009. Gibson now uses the Wurlitzer make name exclusively for jukeboxes and vending machines.^[9] Wurlitzer continues to manufacture jukeboxes and vending machines at its factory in Hullhorst, Germany. Wurlitzer headquarters are located in Hullhorst, and it has distribution and sales offices in Gurnee, Illinois and Oxfordshire, England.

Products [edit]

Audio-visual pianos [edit]

Keyboard of a Wurlitzer acoustic pianoforte

Beginning in about 1880, Wurlitzer congenital a full line of upright and grand pianos. In 1914, Wurlitzer became the sole distributor of Melville Clark Pianos and in 1919 caused the Melville Clark company. Wurlitzer continued to manufacture pianos at the Clark factory in DeKalb, Illinois under the Melville Clark proper name. Other brands which accept been manufactured by Wurlitzer are Apollo, De Kalb, Julius Bauer, Farney, Kingston, Kurtzman, Merrium, Schaff Bros. and Underwood.^[x]

Wurlitzer excelled in piano pattern. It developed the "Pentagonal Soundboard", "Tone crafted hammers", and other unique innovations to help its pianos produce a richer, fuller tone. In 1935, information technology was ane of the starting time manufacturers to offer the spinet pianoforte to the mass market. This 39 inch loftier piano was an instant sensation. The spinet came at an opportune fourth dimension, when many Americans could not afford a full upright or grand.

Butterfly grand pianos [edit]

Wurlitzer Butterfly Art Deco Deluxe 88 key piano – Model 1411

In the mid thirties, Wurlitzer unveiled a line of symmetrical k pianos, or "Butterfly" grands. At this point in Wurlitzer history, all pianoforte manufacturing was exclusively in DeKalb, Illinois. Models ranged from the Pupil Butterfly having 44 keys, to the 88 key Deluxe Fine art Deco Streamline Model 1411.

Model 1411 had many innovative patented features. A quartet of raised banding around the trunk were actually functional sound port slots that radiate all the way around the example, allowing sound to escape the cabinet with the lids closed. The nigh notable characteristic was the symmetrical lids that opened similar butterfly wings. These lids open to reveal a secondary ported removable inner chapeau. These lids are decoratively cutting out to allow the sound to ring out via a big F hole, similar to a violin, besides as multiple radial slots forth the outer edge. Another design innovation was the "Tone Amplifier". The device consists of a metal apartment bar between the pianoforte rim, running under the bass bridge to a fixed betoken on the soundboard, designed to bring out the tone on a smaller piano. A screw mechanism on top of the bridge allowed adjustment of the tonal output.

Wurlitzer made at to the lowest degree three different versions of the 73 key model butterfly. Each had variations in appointments, such equally legs, lyres, and sheet music stands.^[11]

Ring organs [edit]

After the Usa Regime imposed loftier import tariffs on street and fairground organ importation in 1892,^[12] Wurlitzer began producing mechanical organs. Most were small barrel organs, playing from a pinned barrel and powered past either steam or cranked past hand. Many of these organs have cases finished in dark (and sometimes black) wood, with gold incised designs, not different those of the European manufacturers of barrel organs.

As parts were non subject to import tariffs, almost all Wurlitzer band organs are copied from designs by European manufacturers. For case, the fashion 104 and manner 105 were copied from a Gebrüder Bruder barrel organ. The style 146 was identical copied from Brüder's model 79 fairground organ, except that the side wings (portions of the façade concealing the drums) were removed. The way 157 was copied from a Gavioli special style of organ (only 2 or 3 of this style of organ are known to exist; the former organ at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom was one, just it was destroyed in a fire). And, the style 165 is copied from the Gebrüder Bruder "Elite Apollo Orchester."

As demand for organs grew from the fairground operators, Wurlitzer was approached by Eugene de Kleist, an-ex employee of Limonaire Frères and the founder of the North Tonawanda Butt Organ Manufactory. After De Kliest adult the tonophone for the company, which won a gilded medal at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition, Wurlitzer invested in his visitor.

Wurlitzer bought De Kliest's interest in the business in 1909 and causeless functioning of the North Tonawanda factory. The new company invested in new engineering science, resulting in the adoption of electric motors, and the music source was inverse from pinned barrels to perforated newspaper rolls similar to a player piano whorl. Some medium to larger organs such equally the fashion 153, style 157 and way 165 have duplex curl frames, on which ane roll plays while the other rewinds, allowing for continuous music. Each newspaper coil contained about x songs. During the Swell Depression this was inverse to 6 longer songs to save coin on arranging.

Duplex roll mechanism of a Wurlitzer 153 ring organ

The just substantial changes between the Wurlitzer U.S.-fabricated organs and the European originals they copied is that the Wurlitzer models operated on Wurlitzer's unique coil calibration. These included the 41-notation mode 125 curl (used by styles 103, 104, 105, 106, 125, and 126), the wider 46-note 150 ringlet (used by styles 145, 146, 147, 148, 150, and 153), or the still wider 75-note 165 scroll (used by styles 157, 163, 164, 165, 166, and 175). Due to Wurlitzer's success and domination of the marketplace, many smaller American manufacturers adopted scales similar to Wurlitzer'south. Wurlitzer abandoned production of band organs and nickelodeons in 1939 but connected to manufacture the paper music rolls through a wholly owned subsidiary chosen the Countless Curl Music Visitor.

In addition to manufacturing band organs, Wurlitzer also converted ring organs fabricated past other companies to their roll scales. This more often than not resulted in the converted organ having an expanded musical library due to the vast amount of available Wurlitzer music rolls. However, these conversions sometimes required modifications to the organ's pipes and could permanently change the sound of the converted organ.

The production of Wurlitzer organs ceased in 1939, the concluding organ to leave the mill existence a style 165 organ in a 157 example (done because Wurlitzer had an extra 157 case remaining in the factory and the owner didn't mind the change). During the Great Depression leading up to the end of product, diverse cost-cutting measures were made, such as the exchange of contumely horn and trumpet pipes for ones fabricated of wood (though arguably the change from brass to woods may have been due to the shrill sound produced past the contumely pipes which some people may have constitute unpleasant; woods pipes produced a mellower sound).

Some orchestrions fabricated by the company tin can be found at Clark'southward Trading Post, Lincoln, New Hampshire, the Music Hall, Nevada Metropolis, Montana, and the Jasper Sanfilippo Collection at Victorian Palace, Barrington Hills, Illinois.

Nickelodeons and actor pianos [edit]

Wurlitzer, starting around 1900 until circa 1935 produced nickelodeon pianos, or coin pianos, which are electrically operated actor pianos that take coins to operate, like a jukebox.

The company produced various models of nickelodeons, such as the early on Wurlitzer Mandolin Quartette – Wurlitzer's alternative to the Regina Sublima Piano. This machine has a reiterating piano with mandolin attachment along with an accompanying piano. They later introduced the Wurlitzer A.P.P. roll; a universal whorl to be used on all subsequent Wurlitzer nickelodeons. Models such as the B(Ten), C(X), D(X) and I(X) use this scroll.

Wurlitzer also produced an automatic roll changer arrangement so when a roll finished rewinding another was put on in a carousel-like organization. An 'Ten' at the terminate of a model number indicates that model was fitted with a roll changer.

Records indicate Wurlitzer sold histrion pianoforte mechanisms to other manufacturers who installed Wurlitzer components in their own pianos and sold them under other make names. One instance is the Milner player piano company. Milner pianos were built in Cincinnati at a time consistent with Wurlitzer's presence there. Visitor records advise Wurlitzer caused the Milner company^[13] in addition to the several other companies acquired by Wurlitzer over the years, but it is possible that Milner may accept but used Wurlitzer components in their own product.

Theatre organs [edit]

Perhaps the most famous instruments Wurlitzer built were its piping organs (from 1914 until 1943), which were installed in theatres, homes, churches, and other venues. These were marketed as The Mighty Wurlitzers.^[xiv]

Englishman Robert Hope-Jones, considered the inventor of the theatre organ, had adult a concept of the organ equally a "one human being orchestra" to accompany silent movies. Hope-Jones's concept was based on ii principles:

• That a pipe organ should be able to imitate the instruments of an orchestra

• 

  Wurlitzer Unit Organ ad in Exhibitor'due south Trade Review (November 1924-Feb 1925)

  That the panel should exist detachable from the organ.^[15]

Among his audio innovations were a kind of electro-pneumatic action, the Diaphone and the modernistic Tibia Clausa with its strong 8′ flute tone. The Tibia Clausa eventually became a staple of theater organs. Hope-Jones organs were likewise noted for such innovations as stopkeys instead of drawknobs and very high wind pressures of 10″–50″ to imitate orchestral instruments. He also used a arrangement of unification, which multiplied considerably the number of stops relative to the number of ranks.^[16]

Between 1887 and 1911 his visitor employed 112 workers at its peak, producing 246 organs.^[17] But shortly after merging his organ business with Wurlitzer, he committed suicide in 1914 in Rochester, New York, frustrated by his new association with the Wurlitzer visitor, it is said.^[xvi] Moving the business to their Due north Tonawanda Butt Organ Factory, from 1914 to 1942, Wurlitzer built over 2,243 pipe organs: xxx times the rate of Promise-Jones visitor, and more theatre organs than the rest of the theatre organ manufacturers combined.

A number were shipped overseas, with the largest export market being the United Kingdom. The first of these theatre piping organ to be shipped to the United Kingdom was dispatched from the Northward Tonawanda factory on i December 1924. Information technology opened at its commencement location – The Film Business firm in Walsall, at the end of January 1925. This particular musical instrument (Great britain's oldest Wurlitzer organ) is at present located at the Congregational Church building in Beer, Devon. Regular concerts and shows are hosted on the Beer Wurlitzer.^[18]

The largest Wurlitzer organ originally built (in terms of pipes), was the four-manual / 58-rank (fix of pipes) instrument at Radio Urban center Music Hall in New York Urban center. The Music Hall instrument is actually a concert instrument, capable of playing a classical equally well as non-classical repertoire. Information technology, along with the organ at the Paramount Theatre in Denver Colorado are the only Wurlitzer installations however in use that take dual consoles. While Denver's is the typical "master-slave" arrangement, Radio City is the only surviving original Wurlitzer installation to have 2 identical and completely independent consoles playing the same organ. Both instruments have been essentially altered in more recent years.

five-Transmission theatre organ consoles are extremely rare, and just iii were built by Wurlitzer:

• Opus 1351 (28 ranks), originally installed in the Michigan Theatre, in Detroit. The organ was removed in 1956 and is at present installed in a individual residence in Racine, Wisconsin. Six boosted ranks were added, to make information technology a 34-rank.^[xix]
• Opus 1587 (21 ranks), originally installed in the Marbro Theatre, in Chicago. Information technology is at present installed at the Providence Performing Arts Centre in Rhode Island.^[20]
• Opus 1942 (21 ranks), originally installed in the Paradise Theatre, in Chicago.^[21]

2 other instruments presently have 5-manual Wurlitzer-styled consoles, although they were not congenital by Wurlitzer but were either custom-built or created past combining two smaller Wurlitzer consoles:

• Opus 2129, now installed in Salt Lake Urban center.^[22] Opus 2129 originally had a slave console, and the five-transmission console was created past combining the 2 original consoles.^[23]
• Opus 1571, originally built as a 4-manual instrument; it was expanded to a v-manual and is part of the Place de la Musique drove, at the Jasper Sanfilippo residence.^[24] The console was custom-congenital for this installation, and was patterned afterward the original Paradise Theatre 5-manual console.

Wurlitzer organs all the same in their original locations (although perhaps altered) include:

• Alabama Theatre, Birmingham, Alabama^[25]
• Bardavon 1869 Opera Business firm, Poughkeepsie, New York
• Beacon Theatre, New York City
• Byrd Theatre, Richmond, Virginia
• California Theatre, San Bernardino, California
• Castro Theatre, San Francisco The original Castro Organ was a Robert Morton and is possibly now in Lodi, California. The second Castro Organ, installed by Richard Taylor in 1982, was removed in November 2015 because of upkeep costs and volition be replaced past a piping/digital hybrid.^[26]
• Chicago Theatre, Chicago
• Coleman Theatre, Miami, Oklahoma
• Collège Claparède, Geneva^[27]
• Orpheum Theatre, Omaha, Nebraska
• Egyptian Theatre, Coos Bay, Oregon
• Fargo Theatre, Fargo, Northward Dakota
• Trick Theatre, Detroit
• Fob Theatre, St. Louis
• Fox Theatre, Tucson (the original organ was sold for parts in the 1950s; a 1922 iv-manual, 27 rank model was donated to the theatre, restored, and returned to service in 2019)^{[28] [29]}
• Gaumont Picture palace, Kilburn, London
• Granada Cinema, Tooting, London
• Thou Lake Theater, Oakland, California The original "Fox K Lake" organ Wurlitzer removed by Dr. Bell in 1963, Ernie Wilson & Crew installed another "composite" organ in Thou Lake in 1983, since then the blended organ has been modified to present configuration.^{[ citation needed ]}
• Greenfield Theater, Milwaukee
• Kentucky Theatre, Lexington, Kentucky^[xxx]
• Lincoln Theatre, Mount Vernon, Washington
• Lorain Palace Theatre, Lorain, Ohio
• Meyer Theatre, Green Bay, Wisconsin
• Mount Baker Theatre, Bellingham, Washington
• New Gallery, London
• Onetime Town Music Hall, El Segundo, California^[31]
• Opera Firm, Blackpool – The last Wurlitzer shipped to the UK from the Wurlitzer Manufactory.
• Orpheum Theatre, Memphis, Tennessee
• Orpheum Theatre, Sioux Urban center, Iowa
• The Orpheum, Vancouver
• Paramount Theatre, Brooklyn, now LIU Schwartz Able-bodied Center
• Paramount Theatre, Cedar Rapids
• Denver Paramount Theatre, Denver
• Paramount Theatre, Seattle
• Plaza Theatre, El Paso, Texas
• Providence Performing Arts Center, Providence, Rhode Isle
• Radio City Music Hall, New York City
• Riviera Theatre, North Tonawanda, New York
• Samuel S. Fleisher Art Memorial, Philadelphia^[32]
• SIFF Cinema Egyptian, Seattle
• Shea's Theatre, Buffalo, New York
• Stadium Theatre, Woonsocket, Rhode Island
• Stanford Theatre, Palo Alto, California (Perchance not an original installation)
• Tampa Theatre, Tampa, Florida
• Tennessee Theatre, Knoxville, Tennessee
• Tivoli Theatre, Chattanooga, Tennessee
• Tower Ballroom, Blackpool
• Tuschinski Theatre, Amsterdam
• Virginia Theatre, Champaign, Illinois
• Weinberg Center, Frederick, Maryland

Another example of the large-scale Mighty Wurlitzer tin be found in the Berlin Musical instrument Museum. Werner Ferdinand von Siemens purchased the large four-manual, 16-rank Mighty Wurlitzer Style 250 special in 1929 and installed it in the Siemens Concert Hall in August of that year. At the end of Earth State of war II the organ and the concert hall became property of the German regime. The Mighty Wurlitzer survived the war, only was seriously damaged in 1962 by a fire caused by a devil-may-care cigarette. From February to Dec 1963 Marvin E. Merchant, a U.S. soldier stationed in Berlin, repaired the organ at his own expense. In 1982, the government gave the musical instrument to the Staatliches Institut für Musikforschung Preußischer Kulturbesitz. Eberhard Friedrich Walcker GmbH & Co. completely restored and installed it in the museum in 1984 where information technology remains today and is played every Saturday at noon.^[33]

In 1955, a group of enthusiasts met in the dining room of Richard Simonton, an early on investor of Muzak and formed the American Theatre Organ Enthusiasts (ATOE) to preserve remaining theatre organs, including those by other builders, such as Morton, Möller, Kimball, Marr and Colton, Barton, and Kilgen. The ATOE is at present known as the American Theatre Organ Society (ATOS).^[34] A similar society formed in the UK in 1952 known as the Movie theater Organ Club.^[35]

Wurlitzer Fashion Designations [edit]

from The Wurlitzer Pipage Organ, an illustrated history past David 50. Junchen, edited by Jeff Weiler

Fashion	Size	Notes
one	2/4	16' Flute, 8' Trumpet, viii' Vox Humana, 8' Salicional, Chimes, Xylophone, Clockenspiel, Traps, Piano console. Afterward became Style 135
2	2/half-dozen	Piano panel
3	2/vii	Later became Style 185
4	2/8	Way 3 + eight' Oboe Horn
5	two/ix	After became Style 210
6	three/13	xvi' Tuba, 16' Horn Diapason, 16' Clarinet, 8' Viole d'Orchestre, viii' Viole Celeste, 8' Concert Flute, 8' Vox Humana, Style 185 Percussions + Electric Belles. Playing directly on 37-note Solo manual : 4' Tibia Clausa, 4' Brass Trumpet, 4' Orchestral Oboe, iv' Kinura, iv' Celestina, 4' Oboe Horn.
35	3/fifteen	32' diaphonic Diapason, sixteen' Tuba, xvi' Flute, viii' Clarinet, viii' Solo String, 8' Saxophone, 8' Viole d'Orchestre, 8' Viole Celeste, 8' Vox Humana, Way 6 Percussions + Marimba. Playing directly on 37-annotation Solo transmission : 4' Tibia Clausa, 4' Brass Trumpet, four' Orchestral Oboe, iv' Kinura, 4' Quintadena, iv' Oboe Horn.
40	2/3	xvi' Flute, 8' Salicional, 8' Open Diapason, Chimes, Straight console.
100	2/3	sixteen' Flute, 8' Salicional, viii' Vox Humana, Chimes. Later became Style 115
105	two/three	Style 100 with Piano console. Later became Style 120
108	2/3	Style 105 + Xylophone, Glockenspiel, Snare and Bass Drums, Cymbal. Later became Style 125
109	2/3	Mode 108 + Traps. Later became Style 130
110	2/three	Style 105 + Bass and Snare Drums, Cymbal.
115	2/3	Later version of Mode 100
120	two/three	Afterward version of Style 105
125	2/3	Later version of Fashion 108
130	2/iii	Later version of Style 109
135	2/iv	Style 109 + eight' Trumpet
140	ii/four	Style 135 with curved console instead of piano console. Later version of Style B
150	two/5	Mode 140+ eight' Tibia Clausa
160	2/six	Style 135 + 4' Voix Celeste, 16' Diaphone. Some examples take Violes d'Orchestre instead of Salicional.
165	2/6	Manner 150 + 16' Diaphone, Chrysoglott. Afterwards version of Fashion D
170	ii/5	16' Flute, sixteen' Diaphone, 8' Trumpet, viii'Vox Humana, viii' Dulciana, Style 109 Percussions
175	2/vii	Mode 165 + four' Celeste. Contains Violins instead of Salicionals. Afterward version of Fashion E
185	two/seven	16' Tuba, 16' Diaphone, 16' Flute, viii' Clarinet, 8' Vox Humana, 8' Viole d'Orchestre, 8' Viole Celeste, Chimes, Xylophone, Glockenspiel, Sleigh belles, Traps. After version of Style 3
190	2/8	Style 175 + 8' Clarinet
200	2/viii	Style 190 + 16' Tuba, Sleigh bells. Later on version of Style F. Divided chambers were standard in this and larger models.
205	2/10	Later version of HNP
210	ii/nine	Style 185 + eight' Tibia Clausa, viii' Orchestral Oboe
215	ii/x	Manner 210 + 8' Kinura, Marimba. Early models omit marimba.
216	2/10	Way 210 + 8' English Horn, Marimba
220	3/10
225	three/11	Fashion 200 + eight' Kinura, 8' Orchestral Oboe, eight' Salicional, Marimba
230	3/xi	Style 215 + 8' Salicional
235	3/11	Manner 215 + 8' Salicional, Piano. Some examples have Solo scale Tibias.
235NP	3/xi	Style 235 without Piano
240	3/13	Manner 230 + viii' Horn Diapason, 8' Brass Trumpet
250	iii/xv	Style 260 without Pianoforte and 32' Diaphone
260	3/fifteen	32' Diaphonic Diapason, 16' Tuba, 16' Flute, 16' Tiba Clausa, 8' Brass Trumpet, 8' Saxophone, eight' Clarinet, eight' Orchestral Oboe, viii' Kinura, eight' Viole d'Orchestre, eight' Viole Celeste, 8' Solo String, viii' Oboe Horn, eight' Vox Humana, 8' Quintadena, Style 235 Percussions. Early on models omitted Saxophone.
270	4/21	32' Diaphonic Diapason, sixteen' Tuba, 16' Flute, 16' Tiba Clausa, 16' Horn Diapason, 8' Tuba Mirabilis, 8' English language Horn, 8' Brass Trumpet, 8' Clarinet, viii' Kinura, viii' Orchestral Oboe, eight' Saxophone, 8' Gamba, eight' Gamba Celeste, 8' Solo Cord, viii' Viole d'Orchestre, 8' Viole Celeste, 8' Phonation Humana, 8' Dulciana, iv' Unda Maris, eight' Quintadena, Stryle 230 Percussions
280	4/
285	4/32	32' Diaphonic Diapason, 16' Tuba Mirabilis, xvi' Tuba, xvi' English Horn, 16' Tiba Clausa, 16' Solo String, 16' Clarinet, 16' Horn Diapason, eight' Contumely Trumpet, eight' Open Diapason, viii' Orchestral Oboe, eight' Kinura, 8' Gamba, viii' Gamba Celeste, 8' Saxophone, eight' Viole d'Orchestre, 8' Viole Celeste, 8' Krumet, 8' Oboe Horn, 8' Salicional, eight' Quintadena, eight' Concert Flute, viii' Voice Humana, 4' Harmonic Flute, Manner 260 Percussions + Master Xylophone, additional traps. Repeat chamber : xvi' Flute, 8' Horn Diapason, 8' Gamba, eight' Gamba Celeste, 8' Viole d'Orchestre, eight' Viole Celeste, 8' Oboe Horn, 8' Vox Humana, Chimes.
B	2/4	Later became Style 140
Balaban ane	3/11	Style 225 + Piano, Vibraphone, Solo String instead of Salicional
Balaban 1A	iii/11	Style Balaban one without Piano
Balaban 2	3/xiv	16' Tuba, xvi' Large Metal Diaphone, 16' Tibia Clausa, 16' Flute, 8' Brass Trumpet, 8' Clarinet, eight' Orchestral Oboe, 8' Kinura, viii' Salicional, 8' Quintadena, 8' Viole d'Orchestre, 8' Viole Celeste, viii' Phonation Humana, 8' Oboe Horn, Style Balaban 1A Percussions.
Balaban 3	3/fifteen	Way 250 + Vibraphone, Salicional instead of Solo String
Balaban 4	3/19	Style Balaban 3 + 8' English Horn, 8' Horn Diapason, viii' Tibia CLausa, 8' Krumet
Chapel	2/3	Straight console
Church	2/	A catch-all désignation for several sizes of organs.
C2	2/3	16' Flute, 8' Salicional, 8' Open Diapason. Straight console.
C3	2/4	Style C2 + 8' Dulciana. Directly panel.
C4	two/5	Way C3 + 8' Oboe Horn. Directly console.
D	two/6	After became Style 165
DA	ii/half-dozen	Fashion D without 16' Diaphone
Due east	2/7	Subsequently became Mode 175
F	2/viii	After became Style 200
Fob Special	4/36	32' Diaphonic Diapason, 16' Horn Diapason, viii' Open Diapason, sixteen' Tibia Clausa (3 ranks), 16' Concert Flute, 8' Lieblich Flute, four' Harmonic Flute, 8' Vocalization Humana (4 ranks), 16' English Horn, 16' Tuba Mirabilis, 8' Solo Trumpet, eight' Trumpet, xvi' Tuba Horn, eight' Orchestral Oboe, 8' Kinura, 8' Musette, eight' Krumet, 8' Saxophone, 16' Clarinet, 8' French Horn, 8' Oboe Horn, eight' Quintadena, 8' Dulciana, sixteen' Solo String, 8' Strings (2 ranks), 8' Salicional, 8' Viole d'Orchestre, 8' Viole Celeste, viii' Gamba, 8' Gamba Celeste, Piano, Marimba (2), Xylophone (three), Chrysoglott (ii), Glockenspiel, Sleigh Bells, Solo Chimes, tuned Tympani, duplicate Trap assemblies, several unique percussions.
G	2/10	A British désignation used in lieu of Mode HNP
H	ii/x	Manner 210 + 8' Kinura, Piano. Some examples have Violins instead of Violes.
HNP	ii/10	Style H without Piano
House	2/	A grab-all désignation for several sizes of organs
J	2/	Piano console with role player every bit standard equipment. Earlier examples accept iv ranks, later ones accept 5.
L	ii/6	Piano console
M	2/
N	2/
Publix 1	4/20	Way 250 + 8' Tibia Clausa, viii' Dulciana, Solo Vocalism Humana, viii' Solo String, 8' Tuba Mirabilis, Pianoforte, Master Xylophone. Afterward examples include Vibraphone.
Publix two	iv/
Publix 3	four/
Publix 4	4/26	Style Publix 1 + 16' English Horn, sixteen' Bombarde, sixteen' Horn Diapason, 16' Gamba, 8' Gamba Celeste, 8' Krumet, 8' Open Diapason.
R5	ii/vi	xvi' Flute, 8' Open Diapason, 8' Oboe Horn, 8' Salicional, 8' Vocalism Humana, 8' Dulciana, Chimes.
R13	ii/half dozen	16' Flute, 8' Trumpet, viii' Open up Diapason, 8' Salicional, eight' Phonation Humana, 4' Vox Celeste, Chimes
R14	2/9	16' Flute, 16' Diaphone, 8' Tuba, viii' Tibia Clausa, eight' Oboe Horn, eight' Salicional, iv' Vox Celeste, 8' Phonation Humana, eight' Dulciana, Chimes, Chrysoglott.
R15	2/10	Style R14 + eight' Clarinet, Xylophone, Glockenspiel
R16	iii/10	Mode R14 + eight' Clarinet
R20	3/12	Way R20 + 8' Contumely Trumpet, 8' Orchestral Oboe, 16' Tuba
R25	3/14
RJ2	two/three	16' Flute, 8' Salicional, 8' Oboe Horn
RJ4	two/4	Fashion RJ2 + 8' Open Diapason
RJ6	2/6	Way RJ4 + 8' Tibia Clausa, 8' Vocalization Humana
RJ8	two/6	Manner RJ4 + 8' Vox Humana, 4' Voix Celeste
RJ10	2/vii	Style RJ8 + xvi' Tibia Clausa
RJ11	2/7	Manner RJ10 + Chimes, Chrysoglott, Xylophone
RJ12	2/7	Style RJ11 + Glockenspiel, Bass and Snare Drums, Cymbal, tambourine, Castanets.
Scheme v	2/3	sixteen' Flute, 8' Open up Diapason, viii' Dulciana
Scheme 6	2/3	16' Flute, 8' Vox Humana, 8' Salicional
Scheme vii	2/3	Scheme 5 + couplers.
Scheme x	2/5	Scheme 5 + 8' Vox Humana, 8' Salicional. Some other Document says 2/4.
Scheme eleven	2/iv	16' Flute, 8' Oboe Horn, viii' Open up Diapason, 8' Aeoline.
Scheme xx	2/5	Scheme ten + Chimes, couplers.
Scheme 21	ii/5	Scheme 11 + 8' Salicional, 16' Diaphone, Chimes.
Scheme 22	two/5
Scheme 25	2/six
Scheme 30	ii/6	Scheme 20 + 8' Oboe Horn. Another document says 2/5.
Scheme 31	2/6	16' Diaphone, 16' Flute, 8' Salicional, 8' Voix Celeste, eight' Oboe Horn, eight' Dulciana, Chimes.
Scheme 32	ii/6
Scheme 33	2/6
Scheme 35	2/7	16' Diaphone, 16' Flute, viii' Tuba, viii' Tibia Clausa, 8' Salicional, 4' Voix Celeste, 8' Dulciana, Chimes, Chrysoglott.
Scheme 40	ii/7	sixteen' Diaphone, 16' Flute, 16' Tibia Clausa, 8' Tuba, eight' Vox Humana, 8' Salicional, 8' Dulciana, Chimes.
Scheme 41	two/7
Scheme 50	2/viii
Scheme 51	2/viii	Scheme 40 + 4' Voix Celeste
Scheme 60	?/8
Scheme 61	3/9	sixteen' Diaphone, xvi' Tibia Clausa, 16' Flute, eight' Aeoline, eight' Tuba, eight' Horn Diapason, eight' Salicional, 8' Voix Celeste, viii' Vox Humana, Chimes, Chrysoglott. Another certificate says 3/eight
Scheme 65	iii/9
Scheme 75	3/ten
Scheme 90	3/11
V	2/eight	16' Tuba, 16' Diaphone, 16' Flute, 8' Viole d'Orchestre, viii' Viole Celeste, viii' Oboe Horn, eight' Vox Humana, 8' Dulciana, Chimes, Piano panel.

Jukeboxes [edit]

Wurlitzer 24disc Jukebox

Wurlitzer 3500 Jukebox (1971)

The Wurlitzer was the iconic jukebox of the Big Band era, to the extent that Wurlitzer came in some places to exist a generic name for any jukebox. (In Hungarian, "wurlitzer" yet means "jukebox", for example – despite Hungarian simply using the letter W for foreign language words). Wurlitzer's success was due to a first rate marketing department (headed by future Indiana Senator Homer Capehart), the reliable Simplex record changer, and the designs of engineer Paul Fuller who created many cabinet styles in the "lightup" design idiom. Another significant factor contributing to Wurlitzer'due south success was the end of Prohibition in 1933 and the resulting increase in the market for money-operated music machines in bars and dance halls.

Wurlitzer's original jukeboxes played but x 78-rpm records, one side simply, afterward expanded to 24. With the advent of smaller 45 rpm records, Wurlitzer was shell to the punch past Seeburg mechanisms which could play both sides of 50 different records, yielding 100 song choices.^[3] Although Wurlitzer ceded the crown of manufacture leader to rival Seeburg in the 1950s, Fuller's designs are so emblematic of jukeboxes in general that 1940s era Wurlitzers are often used to invoke the Rock n' Gyre period in films and idiot box. Wurlitzer struggled on for xx years or so and made one final effort to go along its jukebox business feasible with a cornball 1971 model chosen the "1050." The model didn't sell well and only 1600 units were produced. The jukebox line was sold to a German language company in 1973.

Jukeboxes begetting the Wurlitzer name were in product until the visitor ceased manufacturing in 2013. The Gibson Guitar Corporation acquired the German jukebox and vending auto manufacturer which made them in 2006. The more contempo models are able to play CDs.

Wurlitzer 210 Electrical Pianoforte

Electric pianos [edit]

From 1955 to 1982 the company also produced the Wurlitzer electric piano series, an electrically amplified pianoforte variant.

Electric guitars [edit]

In 1966, music store owner Howard Holman used his contacts at the Martin Ring Instrument Company, owned past Wurlitzer at that time, to convince Wurlitzer to distribute a line of electrical guitars manufactured by Holman's start-up company in Kansas. Wurlitzer became the sole distributor of guitars made by the Holman-Woodell Company of Neodesha, Kansas.

The guitar labels reflected Wurlitzer's Elkhart, Indiana location, but with the exception of a handful of prototypes made above Holman'due south music store in Independence, KS, the guitars themselves were built in a small ii-storey building on Master Street in Neodesha. Iii models were available: the Cougar, Wildcat and Gemini, all of which were functionally similar but featured different body shapes. The majority of the Kansas-fabricated instruments were six-cord guitars, with only a handful of basses existence manufactured.^[36] Distinguishing features of the first Wurlitzer branded guitars are the "W"-shaped cutting-out in the tremolo mounting plate and the Rock/Jazz selection rocker switch above each pick-upwards. Some other feature of the earliest Wurlitzer electrics was that they were wired for stereo output. In 1967, Wurlitzer ceased its affiliation with the Holman-Woodell Company, peradventure due to problems with the stop on Holman-Woodell guitars which resulted in many instruments being returned to the mill.

Beginning in 1967, Wurlitzer-branded guitars were manufactured by Welson in Italian republic, and the Wurlitzer line expanded to include semi-hollow trunk electric equally well equally acoustic guitars.^{[36] [37]} Wurlitzer connected to distribute Welson-fabricated guitars nether the Wurlitzer proper noun until 1969 when Wurlitzer stopped selling guitars under its own make name.

See also [edit]

Organs & keyboards Theatre organ Robert Hope-Jones Wurlitzers in the United Kingdom Band organ North Tonawanda Barrel Organ Manufacturing plant List of Wurlitzer Band Organs Electrostatic musical musical instrument Orgatron (electrostatic reed organ) Wurlitzer electric piano

Cord instruments Electrical guitar Rembert Wurlitzer Co. (string instruments) others Jukebox Homer Eastward. Capehart Drum car Electric current owner Gibson Guitar Corporation Baldwin Piano Company

References [edit]

1. ^ Ludwig, Corinna (June 26, 2013). "Rudolph Wurlitzer (1831–1914)". German language Historical Plant Washington DC.
2. ^ Germain, Christopher (Oct 2007). "Wurlitzer Shop History". Strings (152).
3. ^ ^{a b c} "History". Jukeboxhistory. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
4. ^ Grace, Kevin (2012). Legendary Locals of Cincinnati. Arcadia Publishing. p. 37. ISBN9781467100021 . Retrieved May seven, 2013.
5. ^ "Wurlitzer Manufacturing Company". NTHistory. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
6. ^ "All American Mohawk Corporation Lyric Radio Now establishes a new loftier standard of perfection... and opens broad the doors to joys you have missed in radio". New York Daily News. Duke University Libraries Advertisement Drove. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
7. ^ Pugno, Frank. "Wurlitzer Organs". VintageHammond.com.
8. ^ "Martin Instrument Models". The Vintage Saxophone Gallery. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
9. ^ "Wurlitzer". Gibson. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
10. ^ "Wurlitzer Pianos". Total Piano Intendance. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
11. ^ "Welcome". Wurlitzer Butterfly Pianoforte Registry. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
12. ^ Trager, Tim (April 2008). "Some History on Limonaire Freres And Its Famous Band Organs". Carousel News . Retrieved April 20, 2008.
13. ^ "Inventory of the Wurlitzer Company, DeKalb, Illinois Records". Northern Illinois University Libraries. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
14. ^ Miller, Mary K. (Apr 2002). "It'south a Wurlitzer". Smithsonian . Retrieved November 29, 2017.
15. ^ Irwin, Stevens (December 1974 – Apr 1974). "Homage to Robert Promise-Jones". Theatre Organ. Archived from the original on January 1, 2011.
16. ^ ^{a b} Ortloff, Jonathan (Leap 2005). "A Robert Hope-Jones Organ in Rochester" (PDF). Resonance. Eastman School of Music: fifteen. Archived from the original on June 26, 2013. {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
17. ^ Fox, David H. (1992). Robert Promise-Jones. Richmond, Virginia: Organ Historical Guild. ISBN978-0913499092.
18. ^ "Friends of Beer Wurlitzer". Retrieved October 28, 2014.
19. ^ Lewis, Chelsey (November viii, 2015). "3,000-pipe organ rules Caledonia human being's 'basement bijou'". Milwaukee Periodical Sentinel . Retrieved July 27, 2017.
20. ^ "Providence Performing Arts Eye". Rhode Island Rocks. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
21. ^ "Wurlitzer Opus List". Vintage Hammond. p. 242. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
22. ^ "Wurlitzer Opus List". Vintage Hammond. p. 272. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
23. ^ "Additional Information". Vintage Hammond. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
24. ^ "Theatre Pipe Organ". The Sanfilippo Foundation. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
25. ^ "The Mighty Wurlitzer". The Alabama Theatre. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
26. ^ Yesko, Parker (November 30, 2015). "An organ transplant for the Castro Theatre'south Mighty Wurlitzer". KALW News.
27. ^ "A Decouvrir! l'Orgue du Cinema "Wurlitzer" de 1937" [Discover! The 1937 Wurlitzer Theater Organ] (in French). Friends of the Theatre Organ of Collège Claparède. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
28. ^ "A Mighty Wurlitzer is about to play again at Play a trick on Tucson Theatre". Arizona Daily Star . Retrieved Apr 13, 2019.
29. ^ "The Mighty Wurlitzer". Fox Theatre, Tucson. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
30. ^ "Kentucky Theater's Mighty Wurlitzer Restoration". Lexington Herald-Leader . Retrieved July 28, 2017.
31. ^ "Erstwhile Town Music Hall". Quondam Town Music Hall. Retrieved August 29, 2014.
32. ^ Beck, Tom (September 21, 2018). "The hidden musical jewel in the sanctuary of the Fleisher Art Memorial". S Philly Review. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Retrieved September 23, 2018.
33. ^ Siebert, Rainer. "The Mighty Wurlitzer in Berlin". Theatreorgans.com. Retrieved October fourteen, 2009.
34. ^ "ATOS History". American Theatre Organ Society. Retrieved July 29, 2017.
35. ^ "About Us". The Cinema Organ Society. Retrieved October xiv, 2009.
36. ^ ^{a b} Macy, Kevin; Wright, Michael (July 1997). "Holman Guitars" (PDF). Vintage Guitar Mag: 22–27.
37. ^ Marchal, Jack. "Welson". FetishGuitars.com.

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wurlitzer.

Official sites

• Wurlitzer Jukeboxes
• Deutsche-Wurlitzer USA

Annal sites

• Wurlitzer Band Organs
• Wurlitzer Guitar history
• Wurlitzer Butterfly Piano Registry Project

Directory search

• Wurlitzer at the Open up Directory Project

shandpaingerace.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wurlitzer

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